1973- This was a landmark judgment of the Supreme court that established the basic structure doctrine, which ruled that “Parliament can amend the Constitution, but it cannot alter its fundamental features” which means that this power of the parliament (to amend) is not absolute and cannot be used to damage the Constitution’s basic structure. This case originated when the head of a Hindu religious mutt, Kesavananda Bharati challenged Kerala’s land reform laws that restricted his property rights.